The US-Israel-Lebanon trilateral framework unveiled on Saturday (local time) called for the complete and verified disarmament of all “non-state armed groups” across Lebanon as part of a roadmap to end decades of conflict, but Hezbollah quickly rejected the deal and warned that attempts to implement it could trigger a “civil war”.“Signed in Washington in the presence of the Secretary of State of the United States Marco RubioThe 14-point framework commits Israel and Lebanon to a formal end to the state of war through direct negotiations, with the United States acting as mediator and executive guarantor.While the document does not explicitly name Hezbollah, it repeatedly commits the Lebanese government to establishing a state monopoly on the use of force by achieving “the complete and verifiable disarmament of all non-state armed groups” and dismantling their military infrastructure across the country.Also read: The United States, Israel and Lebanon signed a trilateral framework agreement after the fifth round of talksThe framework also envisages a phased redeployment of Israeli forces from Lebanese territory, linked to the verification of disarmament and the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) in designated pilot areas. A U.S.-backed military coordination group will monitor implementation, and Washington has also pledged to provide humanitarian and reconstruction aid to Lebanon.The agreement says Lebanon will ensure that non-state armed groups have “no military or security role or armed capabilities anywhere in Lebanon” and reiterates that only the Lebanese state has the right to make decisions on war and peace.
What Hezbollah Says
Hezbollah has rejected the U.S.-backed Israel-Lebanon framework, saying it would neither accept the deal nor give up its weapons.Hassan Fadlallah, a member of Hezbollah’s parliamentary bloc, warned that Lebanese authorities would not be able to implement the agreement “unless they start a civil war with the support of the United States.”He also rejected direct negotiations between Lebanon and Israel that produced the framework, calling the Washington deal “an attempt to undermine Islamabad’s path” – a reference to a parallel U.S.-Iran understanding aimed at ending the broader regional conflict.Hezbollah supporters took to the streets of Beirut to protest the deal. Lebanon’s state-run National News Agency (NNA) reported that supporters rode motorcycles through central Beirut and along airport roads, while protesters blocked at least one major road with burning tires.Hezbollah supporters rode on horseback through the group’s stronghold in southern Beirut before heading to the city center chanting. Lebanese army personnel set up makeshift checkpoints in parts of the capital and later dispersed protesters who blocked the main road to Beirut’s airport, reopening the route, AFP reported.Hezbollah has resisted proposals that would require it to disarm throughout Lebanon, insisting that previous agreements and U.N. resolutions only required it to withdraw its weapons from areas south of the Litani River near the Israeli border.
Read the full text of the frame
The Government of Israel and the Government of Lebanon, with the full support of the President of the United States donald j. trumpaffirming the common goal of achieving lasting peace and security. As reflected in this Trilateral Framework (the “Framework”) and through future agreements, the two countries declare their ambition to end the conflict between them, ensure their sovereignty and security, and establish peaceful and good-neighborly relations between them.
- Israel and Lebanon affirm the right of every nation to exist in peace and share the desire to live in security as neighboring sovereign nations. Israel and Lebanon hereby declare their intention to finally end the conflict, address its root causes and formally end any state of war between the two countries. The framework was reached after multiple rounds of direct negotiations between the two sides and builds on previous successful agreements and understandings, expressing the determination of both countries to make irreversible progress in comprehensively resolving all issues. The two countries reaffirmed their readiness to resolve these issues through direct bilateral negotiations as sovereign nations with the mediation and support of the United States.
- The governments of Israel and Lebanon commit to a reciprocal, orderly process, under clear conditions, whereby the Lebanese Armed Forces will restore effective sovereign authority over all Lebanese territory, pending the verified disarmament of non-state armed groups and the dismantling of relevant infrastructure, allowing the Israeli Defense Forces to gradually redeploy from Lebanese territory. Components of this process will be detailed in a security annex developed with the full support of the United States that will complement the framework. The framework will set out the necessary measures, security arrangements and verification mechanisms to facilitate this process. The successful implementation of the framework will pave the way for stable and peaceful relations between the two countries and enable the redeployment of the Israel Defense Forces from Lebanese territory.
- According to the security annex, the Lebanese Armed Forces will gradually assume full and effective security responsibilities in the pilot zone as part of broader efforts to achieve Lebanese national arms monopoly and sovereign territorial control, which will serve as a mechanism for the phased and verified redeployment of the IDF and the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces. The Israel Defense Forces and the Lebanese Air Force have agreed to establish two initial test areas, with future test areas to be agreed upon by mutual agreement. Upon confirmation of the successful disarmament of non-state armed groups and dismantling of their infrastructure in these areas, the Lebanese Armed Forces will assume full and effective security responsibilities in these areas, internationally supported reconstruction efforts will begin, and Lebanese civilians will be able to safely return to these areas under the exclusive control of the Lebanese state authorities. The United States intends to work closely with both countries to verify and support this process.
- The Government of Lebanon reaffirms its firm and irreversible commitment to the restoration and exercise of full sovereignty over all its territories. The Lebanese government will reestablish the state’s monopoly on the use of force, achieve the complete and verifiable disarmament of all non-state armed groups, and ensure that these groups have no military or security role or armed capabilities anywhere in Lebanon. The Government of Lebanon hereby requests the support of international partners, particularly Arab partners, under the leadership of the United States, to achieve this outcome.
- The Israeli government emphasizes that its military operations in Lebanon are entirely the result of attacks, threats and hostile intentions by non-state armed groups, especially Hezbollah. The Israeli government stresses that eliminating this threat, through the disarmament and disbandment of such groups throughout Lebanon and additional security arrangements agreed upon by both countries, will eliminate any need for future IDF military operations or presence in Lebanon. Accordingly, the Israeli government declared that it had no territorial ambitions in Lebanon.
- The Government of Lebanon, in accordance with the Lebanese Charter
United Nations And in the exercise of its sovereignty, it reaffirms that its security forces have the exclusive responsibility for the security and defense of Lebanon and that the Lebanese government has the exclusive sovereign authority to wage war and peace. The Government of Lebanon rejects any assertion of the use of force by any State or non-State actor on its behalf without its express authorization and reiterates that any assertion by any State or non-State actor of exercising a military or security role is unlawful and contrary to Lebanon’s national interests, in accordance with the decisions of the Government of Lebanon. - The Governments of Lebanon and Israel affirm that nothing in this Framework shall prevent them from exercising their inherent right of self-defence, recognized in the Charter of the United Nations and consistent with applicable international law, and reiterate that no third party may exercise this right on their behalf. The two governments committed to establishing a military coordination group with the support and participation of the United States to ensure the full implementation of the framework.
- The two countries affirmed their common goal of establishing a secure, reconstructed Lebanon under full national sovereignty, in which no non-state armed group poses a threat to Israel, Lebanon or the citizens of either country. Furthermore, both countries recognize that restoring security in southern Lebanon, the safe return of civilians, and the security of communities in northern Israel through the deployment of the Lebanese Armed Forces is critical to long-term stability and peace.
- The Government of Lebanon is committed to implementing a rigorous, performance-based plan that will give the Lebanese Armed Forces the ability to exercise full military and security control within Lebanon in accordance with security arrangements agreed within the framework of negotiations, as well as to disarm all non-state armed groups and exercise effective authority throughout Lebanon. The Lebanese government welcomes the United States’ willingness to support such efforts and recognizes that any new U.S. assistance will be strictly contingent on verifiable milestones, full transparency, proven results, and ongoing oversight. This effort will enable Lebanon to re-establish its sovereignty in a safe and orderly manner and will also contribute to broader stability and security throughout the Middle East.
- The United States will also independently convene international partners to actively support the Lebanese government in rebuilding the country, repairing infrastructure, restoring the economy, and creating opportunities for prosperity. This is expected to include the mobilization of significant reconstruction and humanitarian aid, economic recovery plans and investment initiatives for Lebanon so that it can recover from years of conflict and provide a better future for all its citizens.
- Lebanon and the United States commit to preventing the flow of funds to any entity, organization or individual associated with non-State armed groups and to taking existing legal measures to prohibit the activities of any such entity, organization or individual. The Lebanese government is unequivocally committed to preventing the flow of reconstruction funds to non-state armed groups and related entities.
- Once the framework is signed, the two countries will work to establish a working group to draft a comprehensive comprehensive peace and security agreement. Additionally, to achieve the goals of the Framework, both governments will immediately establish a complementary track of continued direct engagement, facilitated by the United States. Both governments commit to moving forward in good faith until a comprehensive and lasting peace is achieved that brings security, stability and prosperity to the Israeli and Lebanese peoples.
- In line with the common goal of establishing stable and peaceful relations, Israel and Lebanon commit to taking good-faith measures that demonstrate positive intentions, including the cessation of all hostile or adverse actions in international political or legal forums, and commit to efforts to locate and return remains and to release detainees.
- Both governments recognize the role of the United States in supporting their efforts to end decades of conflict and establish lasting stability and comprehensive peace, and express their deep appreciation for the vision and leadership of President Donald J. Trump.
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